Ancient Egypt

Watercolor sketch

The lower Nile was home to arguably the greatest and influential ancient civilizations. The success of ancient Egyptian civilization came partly from its ability to adapt to the conditions of the Nile River Valley. The historians have divided up the time periods into kingdoms and dynasties.

Predynastic period

Early Dynastic Period

Old Kingdom

First Intermediate Period

Middle Kingdom

Second Intermediate Period and the Hyksos

New Kingdom

Third Intermediate Period

Late Period

Ptolemaic Dynasty

The Pyramids of Giza are the iconic symbols of ancient Egypt.

Watercolor sketch

The Pyramids of Giza consist of the Great Pyramid of Giza (the Pyramid of Cheops or Khufu), the somewhat smaller Pyramid of Khafre a few hundred meters to the south-west, and the relatively modest-sized Pyramid of Menkaure (or Mykerinos) a few hundred meters further south-west.